7 Concepts Associated With the Automotive Industry You Must Know

Overview of the automotive industry in Indonesia

The automotive industry in Indonesia plays an important role to the economic growth of the nation, contributing x.16 percent of the GDP.^[1] Indonesia automotive product exports is currently higher in value than their imports.^[two] In 2017, Indonesia is the 17th largest bus producer in the globe and the 5th largest jitney producer in Asia, producing 0.98 1000000 vehicles.^[three]

Near of the vehicles built in Indonesia are from foreign brands, notably Japanese, and produced in the land through a articulation venture plant with a local partner or a fully owned found. While full manufacturing with a high percentage of local components in the country is normally preferred by manufacturers and encouraged by the government, several plants in the country as well conducted a CKD assembly. CBU imports of new cars in the state is also immune since 1999 with considerably light import tariffs, although information technology is discouraged by the regime.

Republic of indonesia predominantly produces mini or compact MPVs (52 percent of full production), SUVs and light pickup trucks under one ton. In 2019, a full 26 percent of its product output was exported. Around 7.ii percentage of full automobile sales in Republic of indonesia consists of imported vehicles, notably from Thailand, Japan, Bharat, and to lesser extent, South korea.

Most automobile manufacturers in Indonesia (including rider car manufacturers and commercial truck manufacturers) are a member of the non-governmental Association of Indonesia Automotive Industries (Gabungan Industri Kendaraan Bermotor Indonesia, GAIKINDO).

Characteristics [edit]

The Toyota Avanza was the all-time-selling passenger car in Republic of indonesia betwixt 2006 and 2019 consecutively, and then in 2021.

The Honda Brio became the acknowledged passenger car in Indonesia in 2020 before existence its position was retaken by the Avanza in 2021.

Traditionally, Indonesia is a market heavily oriented to Japanese cars like most of its Southeast Asian neighbours. However, while other Southeast Asian markets adopt compact sedans, Indonesian auto market has a strong preference to three-row MPVs.^{[iv] [5] [6]} In 2019, 96.3 per centum of cars and trucks sold in Indonesia are from Japanese brands.^[seven] The percentage is even college than the proportion of Japanese brands in Japan itself which stood at 90 percent.^[8] In the same year, around 550,000 cars or 68 per centum of passenger cars sold in Indonesia consisted of MPVs, crossovers and SUVs equipped with three rows of seats.^[7] The percentage is one of the highest in the world. For instance, in 2006, models such every bit Toyota Avanza (xvi.4%), Toyota Kijang Innova (14.half-dozen%), Daihatsu Xenia (7.4%), and Suzuki Carry/Futura (7.iii%) had a very high market share. Top ten best-selling models consisted of virtually 73 percent of domestic sales of the vehicles in 2006.^[9]

Japanese manufacturer Toyota is leading the market share in Indonesia for decades since the early 80s. Despite that, the largest manufacturer in Republic of indonesia is Daihatsu as several popular Toyota-branded models sold in Indonesia are developed and produced by Daihatsu, which is wholly owned by Toyota since 2016. The subsidiary, Astra Daihatsu Motor (ADM) operates several plants capable of producing a total 530,000 cars per year.^[x] Around ii out of 5 automobiles sold in Indonesia is produced past ADM.

Apart from Indonesian consumers wanting a big car to conduct the whole family, the popularity of MPVs or three-row cars in general could be explained by the regulations and the car culture that followed subsequently. When the consummate ban on car imports on 22 January 1974 by a Decree No. 25/74 was imposed, the Indonesian government likewise imposed a taxation scheme which saw pickup trucks and minibuses with railroad vehicle body fashion gratuitous from luxury goods taxation, while sedan cars were charged a 100% luxury goods revenue enhancement. As the result, a sedan of whatsoever size became a luxury-type vehicle for most consumers while minibuses became more pop, even when at the time, despite its natural practicality, tended to be much less comfy to bulldoze or to ride in.^[11] Every bit the result, unlike its neighbouring countries in Southeast Asia that prefers generally compact sedans, Indonesian consumers are predominantly buying three-row MPVs.

Co-ordinate to GAIKINDO, 82 percent of the national automobile sales in 2018 is contributed past the Java isle.^[12] In 2017, West Coffee province contributed nineteen.half dozen percent of the national car sales at effectually 207,000 vehicles, DKI Djakarta at 19.iii percent, and East Java at xiii.1 per centum.^{[13] [14]}

History [edit]

The outset motor vehicle to make it in Republic of indonesia is reported to have been a German language Hildebrand & Wolfmüller 2-cylinder motorcycle, brought in by Briton John C Potter who was a machinist at the Oemboel Carbohydrate Mill in Probolinggo, East Java.^[eleven] The first car arrived soon thereafter, an 1894 Benz Viktoria belonging to Pakubuwono X, the Susuhunan of Surakarta.^[fifteen]

Local production of automobiles began in 1964, originally with SKD assembly of imported cars and commercial vehicles.^[xvi]

Government programs [edit]

From 1969, the National Plan for Industrial Development was aimed at substituting imports in all areas of industry.^[17] A series of laws were enacted in the following years to create this situation, affecting passenger cars equally well as commercial vehicles.^[xvi] Gradual limitations on CBU vehicle imports were introduced, reaching a complete ban on CBUs by 1974.^[17] A localization plan commenced with Decree no. 307 of 1976, which led to other decrees designed to minimize its harmful impacts. Outset in 1980, new rules were also enacted to inhibit the sprawl of brands, with the government limiting local assembly to 71 models of 42 different makes.^[17] All assemblers and agents were to be forced into eight split up groups manufacturing everything except engines. Engines were to exist supplied past dissever corporations.^[18] GAAKINDO, fabricated up in large part of small pribumi operations, was opposed to these programs and likewise had an outspokenly anti-Chinese leader from 1981 to 1984.^[xix] The companies nigh in favor of localization were the large Chinese firms like the Liem Group and PT Astra Motor.^[20]

In 1981, the Authorities declared that no engine built in Indonesia was to be of less than 1 liter'south displacement by 1985. Every bit a result, manufacturers of local microvans and trucks scrambled to install larger engines.^[21] Daihatsu and Suzuki already manufactured suitable engines for other vehicles, simply Mitsubishi did non and used a Daihatsu engine for a few years, while Honda withdrew from the mini choice-upwardly/microvan segment. In Oct 1982, the VAT on certain diesel fuel vehicles were raised dramatically. Diesel fuel sedans and station wagons, likewise as diesel off-roaders, were striking with a 40 percent VAT, while low-cal commercial vehicles (Category i) in the form of small trucks, pickups, and rider vans received a twenty per cent VAT.^[22] Some commentators expected this to spell the terminate of diesel fuel vehicles in Indonesia.^[23]

Depression Toll Green Auto [edit]

The Daihatsu Ayla, one of the first model in "Low Price Green Auto" category aslope the Toyota Agya.

In 2007, the Indonesian government appear a fix of tax incentives intended to assistance develop a "Low Cost Green Auto" (LCGC) as an Indonesian people's car. The initial rules required a low price, ready lower for villagers, a fuel efficiency of at least twenty km/l (56 mpg_‑imp; 47 mpg_{‑United states}), and at to the lowest degree 60 percentage domestic content.^[24] A few projects were shown just none made information technology to market place, and in May 2013 a new set of regulations were issued, meaning a 0% luxury tax for cars under 1,200 cc (1,500 cc for diesels) as long equally they could encounter the same 20 km/l mileage goal. The luxury tax is between 50 and 75 percent for larger and less fuel efficient vehicles.^[25]

Local manufacture encouraged [edit]

Republic of indonesia levies an import taxation of 10% on strange imported luxury cars, while the import tariff for imported cars from outside the free trade area is currently at 50 percentage.^{[26] [27] [28] [29]}

Associations [edit]

From 1969 until 1975, sole agents and assemblers were represented by separate groups, GAM (Gabungan Assembler Mobil) and GAKINDO.^[30] In 1972 the regime decreed that assemblers and agencies exist consolidated and since 1975 the industry was represented by the unified GAAKINDO merchandise grouping (Gabungan Agen-agen dan Assembler Kendaraan Bermotor Indonesia, "Clan of Republic of indonesia Sole Agents and Auto Assemblers").^[31] In the outset half of the 1980s, GAAKINDO was an outspoken opponent of the government's localization programs.^[19] In 1985 the grouping was reconsolidated into a new organization called GAIKINDO (Gabungan Industri Kendaraan Bermotor Indonesia, "the Association of Indonesia Automotive Industries").

Manufacturers [edit]

The Toyota-Astra Motor headquarters in Sunter, Due north Jakarta.

The dominant manufacturer in Indonesia is the Astra International, which is indirectly controlled by Jardine Matheson; their products represented around half of the annual vehicle sales in Indonesia in the early on 2010s - in large part cheers to the success of the Toyota Kijang.^[32]

Nigh cars sold in Indonesia were originally European in origins; In the 1950s, the most popular cars were Morris and Austin.^[33] Japanese imports commenced on a small-scale calibration in 1959 with the Mitsubishi Jupiter truck, simply by the 1970s this had changed considerably as the Japanese took an ever-growing share of the market. Japanese cars was beginning imported by the government in 1961 as a fleet for cooperative across Indonesia. Information technology was a Toyota State Cruiser Canvastop. The main reason the Toyota was picked is its depression cost compared to the nominated Land Rover. At the same year, A.H. Budi, the founder of Nasmoco Toyota dealership network in Central Coffee bought a Toyopet Tiara from an importer in Djakarta. Impressed by the quality of the automobile, Budi founded the PT Ratna Dewi Motor Coy to retail Toyota cars.^[xi]

The January 1974 Malari incident started as a protest confronting Japanese trading practices and included the burning of a Toyota dealership, but sales of Japanese cars reached new heights soon after.^[33] By 1980, from 181,100 new registrations, 88.5 pct were Japanese in origin.^[34]

Distribution and manufacture [edit]

In Republic of indonesia, the import, marketing, distribution, and afterwards sales service rights of foreign brands are usually held by firms called ATPMs ( Agen Tunggal Pemegang Merek , "sole trademark-holding agent").^[35] ATPMs may exist foreign or locally owned, with sure differences to their licensing requirements and scope. Strange firms, for instance, may non sell directly to Indonesian consumers (Agency), although Distribution may exist foreign-controlled.^[35] ATPMs may carry out the industry under license, or contract the manufacture to third parties (subject to approval of the main), or may simply human activity equally distributors and retailers. In the case of special-bodied vehicles, such as the angkots offered by many body builders (karoseri, from Dutch word carrosserie), ATPMs likewise have relationships with specific companies and often sell their designs through their own showrooms.^[36]

Active manufacturers [edit]

BMW [edit]

NV Spemotri was BMW'due south main importer of motorcycles during the 1950s; they mainly brought in the 250cc one-cylinder R25, R26, and R27.^[37] A handful of BMW 700s were imported to Indonesia by NV Spemotri in the early 1960s; the Salim Group held the import rights until they sold the tiny concession to the Astra Group in the belatedly 1970s.^[32] Astra sells BMW through a wholly endemic subsidiary called PT Tjahja Sakti Motor. The first BMW to be assembled locally was the 520/four, which was sent CKD and congenital in Jakarta by PT Indonesia Service Coy. 780 E12 were assembled from 1976 until 1981, with the 520/vi replacing the four-cylinder in 1978.^[38] Indonesia Service Coy subsequently built the E28, E30, E36, and E34 models, until associates was taken over past the PT Gaya Motor company in 1993.

As of April 2001, BMW has their own wholesale visitor in Indonesia, PT BMW Indonesia, although Astra continues to gather BMW automobiles through PT Gaya Motor.^[39] Assembly is currently of a limited diverseness of semi-knocked downward cars, while the remainder of the range is bachelor CBU.^[38]

Daihatsu [edit]

In the 1970s and 1980s, PT Daihatsu Indonesia were distributing Daihatsus while associates was carried out past Gaya Motor - both companies were located in Sunter, Dki jakarta. PT Daihatsu Indonesia was a joint venture betwixt a Japanese belongings company (30%) and PT Astra International (70%), while PT Gaya Motor was a joint venture betwixt the Indonesian authorities, PT Astra International, PT Multi France and PT Multi Astra.^[twoscore] Gaya Motor was a general assembler and also built Peugeot and Renault automobiles in the early 1980s.^[40] Daihatsu's Hijet was very pop in Indonesia, peculiarly after the larger one-litre engine from the Charade was introduced - one out of eight four-wheeled vehicles built in Indonesia in 1983 was a Hijet.^[21]

In 2003, Daihatsu through PT Astra Daihatsu Motor (ADM) launched its joint project with Toyota, which spawned the Toyota Avanza and Daihatsu Xenia.^{[41] [42] [43]} Both cars are designed according to Indonesian needs in heed. As an entry-level MPV, information technology complements the part of Toyota Kijang, offering similar capability in a smaller and cheaper package. Both cars would later send Astra Daihatsu Motor as the largest car manufacturer in the country, surpassing Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia, and saw the Avanza equally the best selling car in Indonesia since 2007 until today. 40.8% of Indonesia's full vehicle production output (four-cycle or above) in 2019 was contributed by ADM.

Honda [edit]

Honda first entered Republic of indonesia in the 1960s through PT Imora Motor as its sole national distributor, with its first model Honda T360 pickup. In 1972, Honda also introduced the two-door Civic to the land.^[44] As a response to the vehicle import ban, PT Prospect Motor began local assembly of Honda automobiles in Sunter, Northward Jakarta. The brand so gained reputation for its rider cars, contrary to several other Japanese brands which relied on commercial pickups and minivans. Honda's best selling products at the time were the Civic and Accord.

In 1999, Honda established a new articulation venture company, PT Honda Prospect Motor (HPM), which took over Imora Motor's sole national distribution rights that same twelvemonth. HPM integrated Honda's Indonesian car businesses, which was previously conducted by four separate companies ranging beyond vehicle associates, engine and component manufacturing, and wholesale distribution. A new manufacturing constitute in Karawang was opened in 2003.

Mercedes-Benz [edit]

Mercedes-Benz officially entered Indonesian market in 1970, when PT Star Motors Indonesia (nowaday'south PT Mercedes-Benz Distribution Indonesia/MBDI) established together with PT German Motor Manufacturing (nowaday'southward PT Mercedes-Benz Indonesia) in collaboration with Volkswagen in Tanjung Priok. They have since and then become the dominant market leader on premium vehicles in Indonesia. Currently, the following models that are locally assembled including the A-Grade, GLA-Class, C-Class, GLC-Course, Due east-Class, GLE-Grade, Southward-Form, GLS-Class, 5-Class, Axor trucks, and some Mercedes-Benz buses. In the mid-1990s, Mercedes-Benz Indonesia tried to break Mitsubishi's dominance in the medium-weight truck markets with the locally developed and built MB700/MB800 truck, without notable success.^[45]

Mitsubishi [edit]

The Mitsubishi Filly L300 is the vehicle with the longest production run in Indonesia nether a single generation. Production started in 1982.

Mitsubishi through PT Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian Motors (KTB) has a long presence in Indonesia, simply their beginning truthful hitting was the Colt T120. This was a locally built version of the starting time generation Mitsubishi Delica, and from its introduction in the early 1970s it became a seminal vehicle. Information technology was mostly alone in its class and for a generation of Indonesians "Colt" became synonymous with minibus.^[46] The T120 was finally discontinued in 1982 and replaced past the L300 (also based on the Delica); merely sales never reached their earlier highs. Mitsubishi finally revived the T120 nametag with a Mitsubishi-engined version of the Suzuki Bear Futura called the Mitsubishi Colt T120SS.^[46] This alliance with Suzuki was an attempt to challenge the dominance of the Astra Group's Toyota, Daihatsu, and Isuzu.^[47]

In 2014, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation announced to build an MMC-owned establish in Republic of indonesia. On 24 March 2015, the construction of a new manufacturing found in Cikarang, W Coffee was started. The found was designed with a maximum production chapters of 160,000 vehicles per year. PT Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia, owned 51% past MMC was established to operate the constitute. The plant was started its operation in Apr 2017 by producing the Mitsubishi Pajero Sport. At the same time, the passenger cars and LCV operations were transferred from PT KTB to PT Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Sales Indonesia (MMKSI).^{[48] [49]} Mitsubishi Xpander was launched in August 2017 and nearly doubled Mitsubishi Motors sales in the state between 2017 and 2018 from 79,807 units to 142,861 units, emerging as the largest market for MMC. In 2019, MMKI surpassed Toyota Motor Manufacturing Republic of indonesia as the second largest car manufacturer in Indonesia by a production output of 193,954 units.

Suzuki [edit]

PT Suzuki Indomobil Motor is a joint venture between Suzuki Motor Corporation and the Indomobil Group. Until recently, the company was known as PT Indomobil Suzuki International. The visitor is located in Jakarta, Republic of indonesia and specialized in manufacturing Suzuki vehicles for the local market place. Their offset products were the ST10 Carry and Fronte LC20 of 1976. The Carry (presently replaced past the ST20) saw extensive use equally an Angkot.^[50] Suzuki's first Indonesian activeness was in 1970 through its import firm PT Indohero Steel & Technology Visitor. Vi years later they had built their manufacturing facility in Jakarta, which is the oldest office of the Indomobil Group. Suzuki'due south sales rose exponentially in the mid-1980s as sales of minitrucks boomed and the Forsa/Swift was introduced: Suzuki Indonesia sold thirteen,434 vehicles in 1984, followed by 58,032 in 1985.^[51]

Since 2004, Suzuki Republic of indonesia's APV (All Purpose Vehicle) budget MPV has been assembled exclusively in Indonesia. Designed in Japan, it is exported to numerous countries since 2005, to the Asean and beyond. Information technology is also available with Mitsubishi badging (as the "Maven").

Toyota [edit]

The Toyota Kijang is regarded as one of the most influential vehicles in Indonesian automotive industry.

PT Toyota Astra Motor (TAM) was founded in April 1971.^[52] Vehicle production began in September 1974 at the PT Multi-Astra manufacturing subsidiary.^[52] Toyota Indonesia'southward most famous product is the Kijang series of light trucks and vans. The Kijang, developed from the Philippine market Tamaraw Revo of 1976, has spawned an entire range of vehicles and is now built in a number of Asian countries including Bharat. The Kijang was one of a series of BUV's, or Basic Utility Vehicles, adult for developing markets past several global manufacturers in the 1960s and 1970s. The Kijang was very successful for Toyota Astra Motor, with the 100,000th example leaving the line in Feb 1985.^[53] Production was almost entirely localized by the mid-eighties, with engine parts besides beginning to be produced in Indonesia by January 1985.^[53] The Kijang likewise caused major upheavals amongst Indonesia's host of small trunk builders, as the torso was built to a whole new standard of quality and was offered straight by Toyota in a number of variants that had hitherto been the purview of the body builders.^[36] The success of the Kijang was helpful for TAM equally the Crown, Mark 2, Country Cruiser, and Corona GL were all struggling in the market place in the kickoff half of the 1980s.^[54]

The Country Cruiser dominated the "Jeep" category until the early 1980s, when lighter and more economic competitors began taking away its market share.^[54] Unable to compete with the smaller offerings from Suzuki and Daihatsu, Toyota chose to non farther increase the local content levels of the Land Cruiser and had withdrawn it from the Indonesian market past 1986.^[55] Currently Toyota Astra Motor'south production is carried out by PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (TMMIN), which consists of the erstwhile PT Multi-Astra likewise every bit PT Toyota Mobilindo (which was established in December 1976 with production commencing in May 1977).

Toyota and the Astra Group remains ascendant in Republic of indonesia, with their market share historically hovering from 35 to 50 per centum. They are bigger than the ii second biggest brands combined.^[56]

Volkswagen [edit]

Volkswagen and their local partner PT Garuda Mataram was a major player until the mid-1970s but sales dropped precipitously in the latter one-half of the decade. In 1970, Volkswagen entered into a collaboration with Mercedes-Benz Distribution Indonesia to set up a manufacturing line in Tanjung Priok, Jakarta. The resulting company was called PT German Motor Manufacturing, with Garuda Mataram retaining the Volkswagen distribution rights. The partnership was dissolved in 1979 and Volkswagen went their own mode.^[57] In or just earlier 1971 Republic of indonesia's Ground forces Strategic Control (Kostrad) took over the local Volkswagen operations as part of a tendency of direct government involvement in vehicle manufacturing (and manufacture in general).^[58] Kostrad owned the Volkswagen agency through its Yayasan Dharma Putra business group, in partnership with 2 Chinese entrepreneurs.^[59]

As with Volkswagen in the Philippines, sales dropped precipitously every bit the Japanese brands took hold. Past 1980, the locally developed Mitra project had come to an end as had assembly of the Beetle and the Typ 181 (Camat). Assembly of German-made Kombis and Transporters concluded in 1978.^[60] Volkswagen replaced this on their Indonesian assembly lines with the Brazilian-made Volkswagen Combi Clipper. This remained Volkswagen's single model on offer in Indonesia until the centre of the 1980s.^[61] By 1986, Volkswagens were no longer available in Indonesia, afterwards 13,162 Volkswagens had been assembled between 1976 and 1985.^[62]

In 1998, a new distributor company called PT Garuda Mataram Motor was founded as a joint venture between Volkswagen Grouping and Indomobil Group. Currently, the company assembles and distributes Volkswagens passenger cars in Republic of indonesia.

Wuling [edit]

Wuling Motors (Republic of indonesia) is established in August 2015 as a subsidiary of SAIC-GM-Wuling Motorcar Visitor Limited (SGMW) with share limerick 50.1 per centum of SAIC (Shanghai Automotive International Corporation), 44 percent of GM Red china and 5.9 percent Guangxi Motorcar Group. The visitor has 60 hectares land in Cikarang, xxx hectares is for the manufacturing and xxx hectares is for supplier park for accessibility of the parts.^{[63] [64] [65]}

Defunct manufacturers [edit]

General Motors (1927–2015) [edit]

A multifariousness of Full general Motors vehicles accept been sold in Indonesia, since the early days of the automobile there. Full general Motors vehicles have been represented in Indonesia since 1915. Full general Motors established their first local assembly operation (pictured) in Tanjung Priok in February 1927, as "KN Gaya Motor." The location was suitable as there was ample timber nearby, a necessity for motorcar trunk manufacture at the time.^[33] In 1930, the visitor was renamed "N.V. Full general Motors Java Handel Maatschappij." Cars from their Jakarta factory were exported all across the region. After having been requisitioned by kingdom of the netherlands East Indies government in 1941, on 9 March 1942 all machines and equipment was destroyed to avoid it falling into the hands of the budgeted Japanese.^[66] Two weeks later on the Japanese occupied the plant and interred all foreigners; on 31 December Full general Motors wrote off the entire enterprise.^[66] The constitute was taken over past Toyota, and was used to assemble trucks for the military.^[67]

In 1946 General Motors Overseas Operations established a Batavia Co-operative (later renamed "Dki jakarta Co-operative") to continue the pre-war activities, edifice almost 20,000 vehicles in the next half-dozen years.^[66] Past 1953, activities had more often than not ended as Sukarno's pro-Chinese government took power. As of 1954 local partner PN Gaya Motor continued alone; the Indonesian regime took over the assets in April 1955. General Motors dissolved this paper operation a year later.^[66] The regime-run operations did not take adept care of the found and 60 pct of the run-down assets were sold to PT Astra Motor (who, coincidentally, had gotten their start by being allowed to import 800 Chevrolet trucks in 1967) in 1969.^[68] Astra had expected to sell Chevrolets simply were denied the contract and ended up importing Toyotas instead.^[68]

A number of other, smaller companies proceeded to import and assemble a variety of General Motors products. Udatimex/Udatin has by and large handled Holdens, while Garuda Diesel/Garmak has sold Chevrolets, Opels, and the short-lived Morina national Basic Transportation Vehicle projection.^[69] In the early 1970s, PT Kali Kuning (Jakarta) also imported Opels, specially the Rekord. Chevrolet, Holden, Opel, and Isuzu badging have been used, often placed on the aforementioned cars by the various importers.

Holden

At the time of their 1959 introduction to Indonesia (although Holden-built Chevrolets first arrived in 1938) Holdens were sold past Gaya Motor. After gaining some popularity in the 1960s Udatimex (part of Fritz Eman's Udatinda Group in Djakarta) took over in 1970. Some other sub-company, PT Udatin, acted every bit the assembler. From 1954 until 1959, Holden Australia held the General Motors rights to all of Australia and Indonesia. The offset Holden to arrive in Indonesia was the FC series.^[70] Sales increased considerably when the locally assembled Holden Gemini arrived in 1981. Other locally assembled Holdens were the Torana, Commodore, Statesman, Kingswood, and Premier. In the early 1970s, the HQ Statesman was sold as the "Chevrolet 350" by Garuda Diesel (Chevrolet's sole agent in Indonesia), while the Statesman was sold in parallel by Udatimex.

Garuda also developed an SUV version on the ground of the Isuzu KB, called the Holden Lincah. This was superficially very similar to the Isuzu Trooper, but had locally developed bodywork. A small number of Lincahs were exported to neighboring and Pacific Island countries in the middle of the 1980s.^[71] A five-door version of the Lincah was also developed, called the Lincah Gama, but may never accept entered product. The Lincah Gama was one of the many cars Malcolm Bricklin planned on importing, following his success with the Yugo.^[72] While the Gemini Diesel remained popular with taxi operators, with passenger car sales slowing downwards Udatimex close their doors in 1991, and regular imports of Holdens came to an end. The last new Holden introduced in Indonesia was the VL Calais. Even as the Indonesian automobile market place has grown rapidly after the Asian Crunch Holden did non return, as GMH'due south export manager Bob Branson decreed the stop of exports to countries with annual sales of less than 500 cars in 2001.^[73]

Opel

In January 1993 Full general Motors again began direct local operations every bit PT General Motor Buana Indonesia (GMBI) was formed, with a plant with 15,000 vehicle capacity in Bekasi, W Java.^[66] threescore per centum of the company was held by GM, with the rest belonging to local partner PT Garmak Motor. In 1997 General Motors took full control of the visitor. The first locally made productof the new company was the Opel Vectra (1994), followed by the Opel Optima and the Opel Blazer in 1995.^[66] Equally of 2002, the Chevrolet nameplate has replaced Opel in Republic of indonesia.^[66] Opels had also been very pop before the state of war, with the Opel P4 being assembled in Tanjung Priok. A locally bodied 7-seater taxibus arrived in 1932; an ambulance version was added in 1933.^[74] The taxi model was called Oplet (brusque for the trade proper noun "Opelette") - a name which was used for share taxis until the type was abolished in 1979.

Chevrolet

Chevrolet manufactured the Spin MPV in Bekasi, Indonesia betwixt 2013 and 2015.

Chevrolet was one of the nigh popular brands in Indonesia until the 1960s. In particular the 210-series sold well. After, the Chevrolet badge was mainly used on diverse Isuzu products like the Chevrolet LUV and Trooper.

In 2002, Chevrolet replaced Opel as GM's only marque in Indonesia. At the time, the locally assembled Opel Blazer was renamed to Chevrolet Blazer. Information technology was sold alongside Tavera, a rebadged Isuzu Panther and the imported Zafira. In 2005, GM ended Blazer production in Indonesia, effectively rendering their manufacturing plant in Bekasi as dormant. Since then, GM finer acts every bit an importer of Chevrolet-badged Daewoo cars from Thailand and Republic of korea.

In 2012, GM appear that it would reactivate the Bekasi plant to assemble a compact MPV, the Chevrolet Spin for Southeast Asian market. The 58,000 square meter found represents an investment of USD 150 meg, employs 700 people and was planned to produce xl,000 vehicles a year.^[75] GM says that the Bekasi plant is a critical office of GM'south growth strategy in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The plant's location fulfills GM'due south philosophy of "build where we sell and source where we build."^[76] GM airtight the establish in 2015, citing low sales and rise costs.^{[77] [78]} GM status in Republic of indonesia was reverted equally an importer.

In October 2019, Full general Motors Indonesia announced that it would leave the Indonesian market entirely by 31 March 2020.^{[79] [80]} Later in February 2020 GM as well exited Thailand and Australia, leaving GM without any major presence in right-hand bulldoze markets.^{[81] [82]}

Mazda (1985–1998) [edit]

Mazda MR90

Mazda Baby Boomer

Mazda Vantrend

Mazda get-go entered the Indonesian market place in the 1960s as an imported brand. In 1985, Indomobil started manufacturing Mazda vehicles in Indonesia through its fully owned constitute and was distributed through PT National Motors Co. (now PT Unicor Prima Motor), another Indomobil subsidiary.^[83] In 1989, Indomobil together with Sumitomo Corporation started PT Mazda Indonesia Manufacturing (MIM) plant through a joint venture.^[84] The plant would industry the Mazda MR90, a car based on the 3rd generation Mazda 323 Familia. Information technology was designated as a 'people's automobile' to compete with Toyota Kijang. MR90 stands for 'Mobil Rakyat 1990', ('people's motorcar of the 1990s'), as the car was introduced effectually July 1990. To achieve a competitive price for the auto, Indomobil proposed to the government to lower the luxury goods taxation from 30% to 0-10%. The proposal was so unexpectedly rejected by the authorities, citing the absenteeism of a 'national car' regulation and the fact that the car is categorized as a sedan, which means information technology is considered every bit a luxury goods. Equally the result, sales were beneath expectations, since the car was significantly more than expensive than the Toyota Kijang.^[85] The Mazda MR90 was later revised and renamed to Mazda Vantrend and Mazda Babe Boomer, hoping to improve sales. In 1998, PT MIM went bankrupt in the midst of Southeast Asian fiscal crisis and the establish in Tambun was sold to Suzuki.^[85]

Between 1998 and 2006, Mazda cars were imported and distributed by PT Unicor Prima Motor before the distribution was taken over by Mazda Motor Corporation, creating PT Mazda Motor Indonesia equally the sole importer and distributor.^[86] The handover marked the finish of production of the locally assembled Mazda E2000 which was introduced in 1996,^[87] and likewise saw PT Unicor Prima Motor transformed into Chery car distributor.^[88] Mazda Motor Republic of indonesia solely relied on importing its line-up of vehicles from Nihon, Thailand and the Philippines, except the Suzuki-made Mazda VX-1 (a rebadged Ertiga).

In 2017, Mazda Motor Corporation transferred its operations in Indonesia to PT Eurokars Motor Indonesia.^[89] Mazda remained an import brand, sourcing Mazda vehicles from Japan, Thailand and Malaysia.

Timor (1996–2000) [edit]

In 1996, the Ministry of Manufacture and Merchandise announced a president teaching (Inpress) No. 2 yr 1996 regarding the development of the national car industry, instructing the Government minister of Manufacture and Merchandise, the Minister of Finance, and the State Government minister for Mobilization of Investment Funds to immediately realize the national auto industry. It also mentioned the pioneer company to do then is PT Timor Putra Nasional (TPN), owned by Hutomo Mandala Putra, the son of president Suharto. TPN is the only car manufacturer to be declared gratuitous from luxury goods tax.^[90] TPN partnered with Kia Motors to import Kia Sephia sedan every bit the Timor S515i past a semi knock downwardly (SKD) scheme. The sedan was introduced on 8 July 1996. Due to its depression price, the car quickly gained some traction in Indonesia.

However, several countries such as Nihon, the United States, and the European Communities immediately protested the national car program and privilege of Timor cars. A lawsuit was and then brought to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The program was declared incompatible with WTO rules by Dispute Settlement Body of WTO in 1998. It was proved that the "national car program" violated the World Merchandise System Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Duties because the exemption from taxes is a subsidy contingent upon the apply of domestic goods.^[91] As such, the visitor had to end its operations by a presidential decree (Keppres) No 20 1998 issued on 21 Jan 1998.

Volvo [edit]

A fleet of Volvo 144's being used every bit law cars in 1976, a issue of Liem'southward close relationship with the Indonesian government.

Volvo automobiles have been regularly imported to Indonesia since 1971, when Liem Sioe Liong's PT Central Sole Agency gained the concession.^[92] By 1975, industrial policy dictated that the cars be assembled locally and Liem responded by creating a joint venture chosen PT Salim Jaya Motor, operated by his son Albert. They assembled two Volvo models and had a steady market in the form of military and authorities officials. The venture lost money though, due to the difficulties of collecting money from government officials during the Suharto era. A pocket-size number of heavy trucks were also imported. Even with government favor, sales were never very large: between 1976 and 1985, simply 1015 Volvo passenger cars (and 201 heavy trucks) were assembled in Republic of indonesia.^[93]

The Salim Group notwithstanding imports Volvo trucks, buses, and structure equipment equally of 2017, through a company chosen PT Indotruck Utama. Since January 2017, Garansindo is the sole importer and distributor of Volvo automobiles in Republic of indonesia.^[94]

Luxury goods tax classification [edit]

This section needs to exist updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2021)

Republic of indonesia imposes luxury appurtenances taxation (Indonesian: Pajak Penjualan atas Barang Mewah (PPnBM)) based on engine displacement and body type.^[95] While dimensions aren't used in the classification, sedan and station wagon body type are taxed differently. This tax scheme was phased out in October 2021 in favour of an emission-based nomenclature.^[96]

A vehicle is considered a sedan if the rear window is not a role of the rear torso opening.

Classification used until October 2021

Luxury goods tax percentage	Engine deportation	Layout	Body type	Examples
0%	master article: Low Toll Dark-green Car (Indonesia)			Toyota Agya, Toyota Calya, Honda Brio Satya
x%	<1.5 L	FWD or RWD	except sedan and station wagon	Toyota Avanza, Honda 60 minutes-V 1.5, Honda Brio RS
	whatsoever chapters	whatever layout	minibus with 10-15 passengers capacity	Kia Grand Sedona, Hyundai H-1
xx%	i.5–3.0 L (petrol) 1.5–2.5 L (diesel)	FWD or RWD	except sedan and station railroad vehicle	Toyota Kijang Innova, Honda Hour-V 1.8, Toyota Fortuner 2.iv 4x2
	whatever capacity	any layout	double cabin pick-up	Toyota Hilux, Mitsubishi Triton, Isuzu D-Max
30%	<ane.5 50	FWD or RWD	sedan and station wagon	Toyota Vios, Honda City, Honda Borough Turbo
		4WD or AWD	except sedan and station railroad vehicle	Audi Q3, Suzuki Jimny
forty%	one.5–3.0 L (petrol)	FWD or RWD	sedan and station wagon	Toyota Corolla Altis, Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, Mazda 6
	1.v–two.5 L (diesel)	FWD or RWD	sedan and station wagon	BMW 320d, BMW 520d
	2.5–3.0 L (petrol)	FWD or RWD	except sedan and station wagon	Toyota Fortuner 2.seven 4x2
	1.v–ii.5 L (diesel)	4WD or AWD	whatever torso type	Toyota Fortuner 2.4 4x4, Mitsubishi Pajero Sport 4x4, Hyundai Palisade AWD
	1.v–3.0 50 (petrol)	4WD or AWD	any body type	Mazda CX-9 AWD, Audi A4
125%	>two.5 L (diesel fuel) iii.0 L (petrol)	whatsoever layout	any body type	Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX570, Toyota Alphard 3.v

Automobiles currently manufactured in Indonesia [edit]

Models that are both sold locally and exported are stated in italic. Excluding models for exports only (not sold locally), e.g. Mazda Bongo.

BMW: 2 Series Gran Coupé, 3 Serial, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, X7

Chery: Tiggo 4 Pro, Tiggo 7 Pro, Tiggo 8 Pro

Daihatsu: Ayla, Gran Max, Luxio, Rocky, Sigra, Terios, Xenia

DFSK: Gelora, Glory 560, Celebrity 580/Celebrity i-Auto, Supercab

Honda: Brio, BR-V, City Hatchback, CR-V, Hour-V, Mobilio

Hyundai: Creta

Ioniq: v

Isuzu: Traga

Mercedes-Benz: A-Class, C-Course, East-Class, S-Form, V-Form, GLA-Class, GLC-Class, GLE-Form, GLS-Class

MINI: Cooper, Countryman

Mitsubishi: Pajero Sport, Xpander/Xpander Cantankerous

Nissan: Livina

Suzuki: APV, Carry, Ertiga, XL7

Toyota: Agya, Avanza/Veloz, Calya, Fortuner, Kijang Innova, Raize, Rush, Sienta, Vios, Yaris

Volkswagen: Tiguan Allspace

Wuling: Almaz, Confero, Cortez, Formo

Active manufacturing facilities [edit]

Automotive manufacturing facilities in Indonesia is currently focused in the western part of Java, mainly in the Djakarta–Cikampek toll road corridor in Bekasi and Karawang, where few industrial estates are located there.

Listing of agile automobile manufacturing plants in Republic of indonesia
Proper noun	Founded	Location	Product					Exports
			Operational telescopic	Make	Models produced (since 2019)	Installed capacity	Book (2019)
Astra Daihatsu Motor (ADM) Sunter Associates Establish	1998	Sunter, North Jakarta, DKI Dki jakarta	Manufacturing	Daihatsu	Xenia (2004–) Terios (2006–) Gran Max (2007–) Luxio (2009–) Hi-Max (2016–2019)	330,000	525,483	Aye
				Toyota	Avanza (2004–) Rush (2006–) TownAce/LiteAce (2008–, export simply)
				Mazda	Bongo (2020–, consign just)
Astra Daihatsu Motor (ADM) Karawang Assembly Found	2013	Karawang Regency, W Java		Daihatsu	Xenia (2013–) Ayla (2013–) Sigra (2016–) Terios (2019–) Rocky (2021–)	200,000
				Toyota	Avanza (2013–) Agya/Wigo (2013–) Calya (2016–) Rush (2019–) Raize (2021–)
Gaya Motor	1969	Sunter, North Djakarta, DKI Jakarta	Manufacturing	Isuzu	Panther (1991–2020) Pickup (1991–2020)	50,000	24,446 (incl. Isuzu production in IAMI Karawang)	Yes
			Assembly	UD Trucks	Quester (2016–)		ane,511	No
				BMW	2 Series Gran Coupé (2022–) iii Serial (1993–) 5 Serial (2016–) 7 Series (2016–) X1 (2011–) X3 (2015–) X5 (2015–) X7 (2021–)		2,337
				MINI	Cooper (2018–) Countryman (2018–)		263
Handal Indonesia Motor (HIM)	1995	Pondok Ungu, Bekasi Urban center, West Coffee	Assembly	Hyundai	H-1/Starex (2010–2021)	10,000	iii,789	Aye
				Chery	Tiggo 4 Pro (2022–) Tiggo vii Pro (2022–) Tiggo 8 Pro (2022–)			No
Hino Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (HMMI)	2003	Purwakarta Regency, W Coffee	Manufacturing	Hino	Dutro (2003–) Ranger (2003–) Profia (2003–)	75,000	32,425	Yes
				Toyota	Dyna (2009–)
Honda Prospect Motor (HPM) Establish one	2003	Karawang Regency, Due west Coffee	Manufacturing	Honda	CR-V (2003–) Panache (2013–) HR-Five (2015–)	80,000	133,247	Yeah
Honda Prospect Motor (HPM) Found 2	2014				Mobilio (2014–) Brio (2014–) Jazz (2014–2021) BR-Five (2016–) Urban center Hatchback (2021–)	120,000
Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (HMMI)	2022	Cikarang, Bekasi Regency, Westward Java	Manufacturing	Hyundai	Creta (2022–)	150,000	-	Yeah
				Ioniq	5 (2022–)
Isuzu Astra Motor Indonesia (IAMI)	2015	Karawang Regency, Westward Java	Manufacturing	Isuzu	Kalimantan/F-Serial (2015–) Giga/C-Series (2015–) Elf/N-Series (2015–) Traga/Traviz (2018–)	55,000	24,446 (incl. Isuzu production in Gaya Motor)	Yes
Krama Yudha Ratu Motor (KRM)	1973	Pulo Gadung, East Jakarta, Dki jakarta	Manufacturing	Mitsubishi Fuso	Amble/Filly Diesel (?–) Fighter (?–) Super Corking (?–)	Due north/A	43,965	Aye
Mercedes-Benz Indonesia (MBI)	1978	Wanaherang, Bogor Regency, West Java	Associates	Mercedes-Benz PC	A-Class (2021–) C-Class (1994–) E-Class (1994–) S-Class (2000–) V-Form (2020–) GLA-Class (2021–) GLC-Class (2016–) GLE-Class (2016–) GLS-Class (2016–)	N/A	N/A	No
				Mercedes-Benz CV	Axor (2017–)
Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia (MMKI)	2017	Cikarang, Bekasi Regency, W Java	Manufacturing	Mitsubishi Motors	Pajero Sport (2017–) Xpander (2017–) Colt L300 (2018–2022) Xpander Cross (2019–)	220,000	193,954	Yep
				Nissan	Livina (2019–)			No
National Assemblers Pulogadung Plant	1971	Pulo Gadung, East Jakarta, DKI Jakarta	Assembly	Renault	Duster (2015–2019)	xv,000	N/A	No
National Assemblers Purwakarta Plant	2019	Purwakarta Regency, West Java		Volkswagen	Tiguan Allspace (2019–)	5,000
Nissan Motor Indonesia (NMI) Found ane	2003	Purwakarta Regency, West Coffee	Engine Manufacturing	Nissan	X-Trail (2003–2019) Serena (2004–2019) Grand Livina (2007–2019)	130,000	180	Yes
Nissan Motor Indonesia (NMI) Plant 2	2014			Datsun	Go (2014–2020) Go+ (2014–2020) Cross (2018–2020)	50,000	4,516	No
SGMW Motor Republic of indonesia (SGMW)	2017	Cikarang, Bekasi Regency, West Java	Manufacturing	Wuling	Confero (2017–) Cortez (2017–) Formo (2018–) Almaz (2019–)	120,000	24,980	Yep
				Chevrolet	Captiva (2019–2020, export only)
Sokonindo Automobile (DFSK)	2017	Cikande, Serang Regency, Banten	Manufacturing	DFSK	Supercab (2017–) Celebrity 580 (2018–) Celebrity i-Auto (2019–) Glory 560 (2019–) Gelora (2020–)	fifty,000	4,069	Yeah
Solo Manufaktur Kreasi (Esemka)	2019	Sambi, Boyolali Regency, Central Java	Associates	Esemka	Bima (2019–)	12,000	N/A	No
Suzuki Indomobil Motor (SIM) Plant one	1991	Tambun, Bekasi City, West Java	Manufacturing	Suzuki	Carry (1991–) APV (2004–) Mega Carry (2005–2019) Karimun Wagon R (2013–2021; 2021–, export only)	120,000	124,658	Yes
Suzuki Indomobil Motor (SIM) Plant 2	2015	Cikarang, Bekasi Regency, West Java			Ertiga (2015–) XL7 (2020–)	120,000
Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (TMMIN) Plant 1 Karawang	1998	Karawang Regency, W Coffee	Manufacturing	Toyota	Kijang Innova (2004–) Fortuner (2007–)	130,000	166,600	Aye
Toyota Motor Manufacturing Republic of indonesia (TMMIN) Plant 2 Karawang	2013				Vios/Yaris Sedan (2013–) Yaris (2014–) Sienta (2016–) Veloz (2021–)	120,000

Statistics [edit]

Historical statistics [edit]

Sales rank [edit]

Meridian 10 best-selling models in Indonesia (passenger and light commercial vehicles), 1990–2021 Source: BSCB,[97] GAIKINDO[vii]
Year	Models and ranking
	1st	second	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	tenth
1990	Toyota Kijang	Daihatsu Zebra	Suzuki Deport	Suzuki Katana	Honda Borough	Toyota Corolla	Daihatsu Rocky	Honda Accord	Daihatsu Hiline	Mitsubishi Filly L300
1991	Toyota Kijang	Suzuki Carry	Daihatsu Zebra	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Isuzu Panther	Suzuki Katana	Daihatsu Rocky	Honda Civic	Daihatsu Hiline	Toyota Starlet
1992	Toyota Kijang	Suzuki Conduct	Isuzu Panther	Daihatsu Zebra	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Suzuki Katana	Daihatsu Rocky	Toyota Corolla	Honda Civic	Suzuki Vitara
1993	Toyota Kijang	Suzuki Carry	Isuzu Panther	Daihatsu Zebra	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Mitsubishi Filly L300	Suzuki Katana	Suzuki Vitara	Daihatsu Rocky	Toyota Corolla
1994	Toyota Kijang	Suzuki Deport	Isuzu Panther	Daihatsu Zebra	Daihatsu Feroza	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Suzuki Vitara	Toyota Corolla	Honda Accord
1995	Toyota Kijang	Suzuki Carry	Isuzu Panther	Daihatsu Zebra	Daihatsu Feroza	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Suzuki Vitara	Toyota Corolla	Daihatsu Hiline
1996	Toyota Kijang	Suzuki Carry	Isuzu Panther	Daihatsu Zebra	Mitsubishi Filly T120SS	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Suzuki Vitara	Timor S5	Toyota Corolla	Suzuki Katana
1997	Toyota Kijang	Isuzu Panther	Suzuki Carry	Daihatsu Zebra	Timor S5	Mitsubishi Filly T120SS	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Suzuki Baleno	Suzuki Vitara	Suzuki Katana
1998	Toyota Kijang	Isuzu Panther	Suzuki Carry	Timor S5	Daihatsu Zebra	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Suzuki Baleno	Daihatsu Feroza	Ford Laser
1999	Toyota Kijang	Isuzu Panther	Suzuki Comport	Mitsubishi Kuda	Daihatsu Taruna	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Timor S5	Opel Blazer	Suzuki Vitara
2000	Toyota Kijang	Suzuki Carry	Isuzu Panther	Daihatsu Taruna	Mitsubishi Kuda	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Toyota Soluna	Timor S5	Suzuki Baleno	Daihatsu Zebra
2001	Toyota Kijang	Suzuki Carry	Isuzu Panther	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Daihatsu Taruna	Daihatsu Zebra	Toyota Soluna	Mitsubishi Kuda	Honda CR-V
2002	Toyota Kijang	Suzuki Carry	Isuzu Panther	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Mitsubishi Kuda	Daihatsu Zebra	Daihatsu Taruna	Toyota Soluna	Honda CR-V
2003	Toyota Kijang	Suzuki Carry	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Isuzu Panther	Mitsubishi Filly L300	Daihatsu Zebra	Honda CR-5	Mitsubishi Kuda	Honda City	Daihatsu Taruna
2004	Toyota Kijang/ Kijang Innova	Suzuki Carry	Toyota Avanza	Honda Jazz	Daihatsu Xenia	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Daihatsu Zebra	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Isuzu Panther	Toyota Vios
2005	Toyota Kijang Innova	Toyota Avanza	Suzuki Deport	Honda Jazz	Suzuki APV	Daihatsu Xenia	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Isuzu Panther	Daihatsu Zebra
2006	Toyota Avanza	Toyota Kijang Innova	Suzuki Carry	Daihatsu Xenia	Honda Jazz	Suzuki APV	Isuzu Panther	Toyota Yaris	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Daihatsu Zebra
2007	Toyota Avanza	Toyota Kijang Innova	Daihatsu Xenia	Suzuki Carry	Daihatsu Terios	Toyota Blitz	Honda Jazz	Nissan Livina	Suzuki APV	Mitsubishi Filly L300
2008	Toyota Avanza	Toyota Kijang Innova	Daihatsu Xenia	Daihatsu Gran Max	Nissan Livina	Honda Jazz	Suzuki Carry	Suzuki APV	Honda CR-5	Mitsubishi Colt L300
2009	Toyota Avanza	Daihatsu Xenia	Toyota Kijang Innova	Suzuki Bear	Honda Jazz	Daihatsu Gran Max	Nissan Livina	Daihatsu Terios	Toyota Rush	Suzuki APV
2010	Toyota Avanza	Daihatsu Xenia	Toyota Kijang Innova	Suzuki Carry	Daihatsu Gran Max	Nissan Livina	Honda Jazz	Mitsubishi Colt L300	Toyota Blitz	Suzuki APV
2011	Toyota Avanza	Daihatsu Xenia	Toyota Kijang Innova	Suzuki Comport	Nissan Livina	Daihatsu Gran Max	Mitsubishi Filly L300	Toyota Rush	Mitsubishi T120SS	Daihatsu Terios
2012	Toyota Avanza	Daihatsu Xenia	Toyota Kijang Innova	Daihatsu Gran Max	Suzuki Deport	Nissan Livina	Suzuki Ertiga	Toyota Rush	Toyota Yaris	Mitsubishi Colt L300
2013	Toyota Avanza	Daihatsu Xenia	Toyota Kijang Innova	Daihatsu Gran Max	Suzuki Ertiga	Suzuki Deport	Nissan Livina	Toyota Blitz	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS	Honda Jazz
2014	Toyota Avanza	Honda Mobilio	Toyota Agya	Daihatsu Gran Max	Toyota Kijang Innova	Suzuki Carry	Suzuki Ertiga	Daihatsu Xenia	Daihatsu Ayla	Mitsubishi Colt T120SS
2015	Toyota Avanza	Daihatsu Gran Max	Toyota Agya	Suzuki Carry	Honda Brio	Toyota Kijang Innova	Honda HR-V	Daihatsu Xenia	Daihatsu Ayla	Suzuki Ertiga
2016	Toyota Avanza	Toyota Kijang Innova	Daihatsu Gran Max	Toyota Calya	Honda Brio	Toyota Agya	Daihatsu Xenia	Honda Hr-V	Daihatsu Ayla	Honda BR-V
2017	Toyota Avanza	Toyota Calya	Toyota Kijang Innova	Daihatsu Gran Max	Honda Brio	Daihatsu Sigra	Honda HR-V	Daihatsu Xenia	Suzuki Ertiga	Suzuki Carry
2018	Toyota Avanza	Mitsubishi Xpander	Toyota Calya	Toyota Kijang Innova	Honda Brio	Daihatsu Gran Max	Toyota Blitz	Daihatsu Sigra	Suzuki Carry	Honda Hr-V
2019	Toyota Avanza	Honda Panache	Mitsubishi Xpander	Toyota Rush	Toyota Calya	Suzuki Acquit	Toyota Kijang Innova	Daihatsu Gran Max	Daihatsu Sigra	Mitsubishi Filly L300
2020	Honda Panache	Suzuki Carry	Toyota Avanza	Daihatsu Gran Max	Toyota Blitz	Toyota Kijang Innova	Mitsubishi Xpander	Toyota Calya	Daihatsu Sigra	Mitsubishi Filly L300
2021	Toyota Avanza	Mitsubishi Xpander	Daihatsu Gran Max	Suzuki Carry	Toyota Blitz	Toyota Kijang Innova	Honda Panache	Daihatsu Sigra	Toyota Calya	Mitsubishi Colt L300
	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	fifth	6th	7th	eighth	9th	tenth
Indigenous brand  Imported vehicles  Partially imported vehicles (select trims/models) Note: 1. Suzuki Vitara includes Escudo and Sidekickii. Suzuki Conduct not including Mega Carry3. Nissan Livina includes two-row Livina and three-row Thousand Livina4. Honda Brio includes LCGC Panache Satya5. Mitsubishi Xpander includes Xpander Cross
Encounter besides : Acknowledged models in Australia Brazil Bharat Japan Malaysia Philippines Thailand Sweden

Industry data [edit]

Calendar Yr	Wholesales	Retail Sales	Product	Exports (CBU)[98]
1990[99]	223,547	not available	not available	not available
1991[99]	215,644
1992[100]	150,221
1993[100]	184,977
1994[101]	279,228
1995[101]	326,965
1996[102]	278,416
1997[103]	336,968
1998[103]	53,412
1999[104]	84,928
2000[105]	289,747
2001[105]	270,920
2002[105]	288,553
2003[106]	320,457
2004[107]	441,912			nine,572
2005	533,917			17,805
2006	318,904			thirty,974
2007	433,341			lx,267
2008	603,774			100,982
2009	486,088		464,816	56,669
2010	764,710		702,508	85,769
2011	894,164	890,559	838,388	107,932
2012	ane,116,230	1,098,331	ane,052,895	173,371
2013	1,229,811	1,218,817	1,206,368	170,958
2014	1,208,019	1,195,409	1,298,523	202,273
2015	1,013,518	one,031,842	1,098,780	207,961
2016	ane,062,694	one,073,547	1,178,346	194,395
2017	1,077,365	1,067,396	1,217,518	231,169
2018	1,151,284	1,152,641	i,343,743	264,553
2019	1,030,126	1,043,017	one,286,848	332,023
2020	532,027	578,327	690,150	232,175
2021	887,202	863,348	1,121,967	294,639

^{[vii] [108]}

including passenger cars, light commercial vehicles and heavy commercial trucks

2019 statistics [edit]

Production and exports by manufacturer [edit]

Rank	Manufacturing plant	Product	Share	Exports
ane	Astra Daihatsu Motor	525,483	40.8%	123,227
2	Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia	193,954	xv.1%	64,714
3	Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia	166,600	12.9%	89,205
4	Honda Prospect Motor	133,247	ten.4%	vi,847
v	Suzuki Indomobil Motor	124,658	ix.vii%	39,613
half dozen	Krama Yudha Ratu Motor (Fuso)	43,965	iii.4%	0
seven	Hino Motors Manufacturing Indonesia	32,425	2.5%	2,310
8	SGMW Motor Republic of indonesia	24,980	one.ix%	2,696
9	Isuzu Astra Motor Indonesia	24,446	ane.9%	0
x	Nissan Motor Indonesia	4,696	0.four%	0
others		12,394	1.0%	3,411
Full		ane,286,848	100%	332,023

Sales by make [edit]

Rank	Brand	Sales	Marketplace share
1	Toyota	331,797	32.ii%
2	Daihatsu	177,284	17.2%
iii	Honda	137,339	13.3%
iv	Mitsubishi Motors	119,011	11.6%
5	Suzuki	100,383	nine.7%
six	Mitsubishi Fuso	42,754	four.ii%
7	Hino	31,068	3.0%
eight	Isuzu	25,270	2.5%
nine	Wuling	22,343	2.two%
10	Nissan	12,302	1.2%
others		thirty,575	2.ix%
Total		1,030,126	100%

Sales by automotive group [edit]

Rank	Brand	Sales	Market place share
1	Toyota Grouping	541,574	52.six%
ii	Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance	138,079	xiii.4%
3	Honda	137,339	13.3%
four	Suzuki	100,383	9.seven%
5	Daimler Group	45,966	4.5%
6	Isuzu	25,270	two.5%
7	SAIC-GM-Wuling	23,872	ii.3%
others		17,643	1.vii%
Total		1,030,126	100%

Sales by car models [edit]

Rank	Model	Sales	Share	Group	Segment
1	Toyota Avanza	86,374	8.4%	Toyota Group	B-segment 3-row mini MPV
2	Honda Brio	70,344	6.viii%	Honda	A-segment hatchback (Satya variant included in LCGC programme)
three	Mitsubishi Xpander	62,666	6.1%	Mitsubishi Motors	B-segment 3-row compact MPV
iv	Toyota Rush	61,569	6.0%	Toyota Group	B-segment iii-row mini SUV
5	Toyota Calya	54,569	5.3%	Toyota Group	A-segment three-row mini MPV (LCGC)
vi	Toyota Kijang Innova	52,981	five.1%	Toyota Group	C-segment 3-row compact MPV
7	Daihatsu Sigra	52,283	five.1%	Toyota Grouping	A-segment 3-row mini MPV (LCGC)
eight	Toyota Agya	25,082	2.4%	Toyota Group	A-segment hatchback (LCGC)
9	Suzuki Ertiga	24,549	ii.four%	Suzuki	B-segment 3-row meaty MPV
ten	Daihatsu Terios	22,960	2.2%	Toyota Grouping	B-segment iii-row mini SUV

excluding calorie-free commercial vehicles and heavy commercial trucks

References [edit]

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia

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